Could
a 16-year-old kid design and construct, almost 100 years ago, an
airplane that flew perfectly?
TRIVIA
On April 8, 1931, Amelia Earhart beats the height record with
Autogiro upon reaching 5613 m. |
Juan
de la Cierva, Spanish inventor, did it in 1911, only 8 years after
the Wright brothers.
Juan
de la Cierva Codorniu was born in Murcia, Spain, on September 21,
1895.
He
had been interested in airplanes since he was a child, and in 1910,
aviator Julien Mamets aerial exhibition in Madrid marked his
destiny. The following autumn, he and two friends of the same age
began to construct their own airplane, and baptized it as BCD.1,
initials of their last names: Barcala, Cierva, and Diaz. In August
of 1912, at the Cuatro Vientos aerodrome in Madrid, the French pilot
Jean Mauvais manned the airplane built by 16-year-old boys and,
to everyones surprise, it was the first Spanish airplane to
fly well.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Among many other honours, he received the Spanish Plus Ultra
medal in 1926, the International Aeronautics Federation gold
medal in 1932, the Guggenheim gold medal in 1932, and the Royal
Aeronautical Society silver medal (1932) and posthumously the
gold one (1937). |
After
finishing his career at the School of Engineers of Caminos de Madrid,
de la Cierva continued to build airships but with very little luck:
one of his models even crashed; the pilot miraculously survived.
Strongly
affected by this accident, he dedicated his efforts to design a
safer airship, with rotating instead of fixed wings. Thus was born
the Autogiro, name he registered and by which is known this type
of air vehicle even today.
On
January 17, 1923, after three years of intense work and investing
a good part of the family fortune, the Autogiro C4 finally took
off in Getafe aerodrome in Madrid and flew satisfactorily.
Only
20 years after the invention of the airplane, the Spanish engineer
Juan de la Cierva Codorniu created a safer and more practical way
of flying that opened the door for the appearance of the helicopter,
two decades later.
In
1924, with the C6, the first Autogiro flight between airports was
carried out, from Cuatro Vientos to Getafe.
That
is the answer.
Thomas A. Edison, who had attempted to construct a helicopter,
upon watching one of the first American Autogiros fly at an
exhibition
|
In
1926, La Cierva obtained financial support from the city of London
and constituted The Cierva Autogiro Company Ltd. that would provide
the technical and financial means to develop the Autogiro and commercialize
the manufacturing licenses.
On
September 18, 1928, with the C9 Mark II, Juan de la Cierva flew
from London to Paris and prolonged the voyage until Brussels, Berlin
and Rotterdam, with stopping points in many other cities.
In
1929, Harold Pitcairn founds the Autogiro Company of America, in
Philadelphia, with the same objectives as the English firm.
In
1931 begins the commercialization of the Autogiro as the safest
and simplest airship to pilot, with the additional advantage of
requiring smaller aerodromes.
ANECDOTE
In 1929, at the Cleveland Air Races, an announcer said: Now
an apparatus called autogiro will take off and fly
if it
can. La Cierva took off, went up 300 meters, reduced the
speed to a minimum, and came down almost vertically to land
in the center of a circle traced on the ground. The public stood
up and applauded him while they made fun of the announcer. |
The
first vertical take-off exhibition was carried out with an unprecedented
success in 1936, near London.
Presently
an American enterprise has undertaken the project of commercializing
the double Autogiro and hopes to have great success, since it is
cheaper than the helicopter and requires much less fuel.
And
at the end
Oh, paradox of destiny! He who built airships with
safety as a motto dies in an unfortunate accident in a regular airplane
flight between London and Amsterdam on December 9, 1936, at the
age of 41.
Juan
de la Cierva stands on his own right among the greatest in the universal
history of aeronautics.
Juan de la
Cierva, an example of the best of the latin spirit.
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